Approach

How we think. How we work.

Two things that belong together but are not the same. The thinking tells us where to enter a problem and why. The process tells us how we move through it.

The Thinking

The problem comes before the model

Complex problems are rarely unsolvable. They are usually poorly framed. Before any model is built, we need to understand what the actual problem is, not just the symptoms that prompted the question.

Locate the anchor

Every problem has a structural entry point where governance logic, material flows, and observed symptoms connect. Finding it first determines whether the analysis answers the right question. Starting from the wrong point produces work that looks thorough but misses the structure.

Define the boundary

Every system has a relevant boundary in time and space. Too narrow and you miss the drivers. Too wide and you lose resolution where it matters. Defining the boundary correctly is not a technical step, it is a substantive one.

Match depth to need

Not every problem requires simulation. Some are resolved at the conceptual stage. We determine the minimum sufficient depth for a fit-for-purpose answer, and stop there unless more is genuinely needed.

"Most analytical work starts too late. A model is commissioned, variables are listed, a diagram is drawn. But if the question is wrong, the model answers the wrong thing with great precision."


The Process

Four phases, built iteratively

Our work follows the Adaptive Learning Loop Framework. The process is not linear. Understanding grows through iteration. Each phase refines what came before, and the model only advances when the current phase is sufficiently confirmed.

01

Definition

We identify the problem situation, map key actors and roles, formulate the central question, and sketch the first system boundary and overview map. This is done with stakeholders, not for them.

02

Clarification

We refine system structure through causal loop diagrams, subsystem maps, and iterative stakeholder engagement. The model grows as understanding grows.

03

Confirmation

We verify the structure against reality. Assumptions are made explicit, contested links are flagged, and the model is stress-tested before it is used for decisions.

04

Implementation

Confirmed understanding is translated into scenarios, policy options, leverage points, and decision support, handed back to the people who need to act on them.

We do not hand clients a finished model. We build shared understanding of the system with the people who have to govern it. The model is an output of that process, not a substitute for it.


Methods

The analytical toolkit

The methods are not ends in themselves. Each one serves the process, and the process serves the problem.

Causal Loop Diagramming

Qualitative mapping of system structure, identifying variables, causal links, feedback loops, and time delays. The foundation of every system dynamics engagement.

Stock-and-Flow Modelling

Quantitative system dynamics capturing accumulations, rates of change, and mass-balance logic. Used for simulation, scenario testing, and distance-to-target assessment.

Group Model Building

Participatory workshops where stakeholders build the system model together. Creates shared ownership of the system understanding and the interventions that follow.

Scenario Analysis

Structured exploration of how the system behaves under different conditions, policies, or futures. Enables decision-makers to test interventions before committing.

Backcasting

Starting from a defined target state and working backwards to identify the conditions, decisions, and pathways required to reach it.

Policy Options Analysis

Structured comparison of policy instruments against system behaviour, assessing trade-offs, unintended consequences, and leverage points.

Indexed CLD Modelling  ·  Mass-Balance Simulation  ·  Stakeholder Inquiry  ·  Actor-System Analysis  ·  Leverage Point Identification  ·  Transition Pathway Development  ·  Strategic Foresight  ·  Environmental Scanning  ·  Long-term Scenario Development

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We work with municipalities, research institutions, government agencies, and European bodies on complex environmental challenges.

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